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定语从句与非谓语情势调换

作者:小膜 日期:2014-5-5 15:29:35 信息来源:

有些定语从句能够与当初分词短语、从前分词短语跟动词不定式短语调换,句意岂但不变,而且还丰盛了写作作风,进步了语言表白才能。
  一、定语从句与现在分词短语互换
  有些定语从句能够直接略去作主语的关联代词跟系动词.从而简化为当初分词短语作后置定语。如:
  do you know the girl(who is)dancing with your brother
  你意识在和你哥哥舞蹈的那个女孩子吗
  tell the children(who are)playing there not to make so much noise.
  让那些在那儿玩的小孩别这么吵。
  以下五点值得留神:
  (1)假如定语从句的谓语。高中英语语法大全从词到句的详细语法讲解,有助于学生更好地掌握。动作和主句谓语动作在时光上有先有后,个别不能简化为现在分词短语。因而,现在分词实现式永不作定语。如:
  i want to talk to the person who broke that cup.
  我要跟攻破那个杯子的人谈谈。(不能说:i want to talk to the person breaking that cup.)
  (2)being不能与形容词一起用作定语。假如所指的被动动作正在产生或是与谓语所表示的动作同时产生,可以用现在分词的被动情势作后置定语。如:
  anybody who is outside after ten o’clock will be arrested.
  凡十点当前仍在外面的人将被拘捕。(不能说:anybody being outside after ten o’clock will be arrest。介词的用法介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语。ed.)
  尝尝比拟:
  we must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
  咱们这儿探讨的事必需保密。
  he told us to keep a secret of the things being discussed.
  他让咱们对讨论的事保密。
  (3)在特指某一事物的名词后面,现在分词短语通常存在进行的意思,若表现“非进行时”的意思,要用定语从句。如:
  the boy who brings the milk has been ill.
  送牛奶的那个男孩子病倒了。(不能说:the boy bringing the milk has been i11.)
  (4)当一个名词所指的内容是泛指时,分词短语既可以有“进行时”的意思,也可以有“正常时”的意思。如:
  women looking after small children generally get paid about£1.50 an hour.=women who look after small children generally get paid about £1.50 an hour.
  照看小孩的妇女普通一小时挣一个半英镑左右。
  the woman who looks after my small brother gets paid £1.50 anhour.
  照看我小弟的那个妇女一小时挣一个半英镑。(不能说:the woman looking after my small brother g。英语基础语法看上去很复杂,很多句型要记,但其实只要深入研究,就会发现其实也不过是围绕这五个基本句子来展开。ets paid £1.50 an hour.)
  (5)当定语从句中的谓语动词含有情态动词时,不能与现在分词互换。如:
  is there anyone who can answer this question
  有谁能答复这个问题吗(不能说:is there anyone answering this question)
  二、定语从句与从前分词短语调换
  有些定语从句可以直接略去作主语的关联代词和系动词,从而简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。如:
  most of the people(who had been)invited to the reception were old friends.
  被邀请来加入接待会的人大多数是老友人。
  suddenly there appeared a young woman(who was)dressed in green
  忽然那儿呈现了一个穿绿色衣裳的女青年。
  三、定语从句与动词不定式短语互换
  某些含有情态动词或助动词的定语从句可以缩略为动词不定式短语作后置定语。如:
  there are still a lot of difficulties that must be overcome.=there are still a lot of difficulties to (be)overcome.
  还有很多艰苦要战胜。
  the question which will be discussed tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.=the question to be discussed tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.
  来日要探讨的问题是所得税是否应当进步。
  
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